Arctic Ozone Loss More Sensitive to Climate Change Essay Example For Students

Cold Ozone Loss More Sensitive to Climate Change Essay Than Thought May 18, 2004 Science Per. 5 (April 26, 2004) As of late, NASA has led examines which help to demonstrate the connection between Arctic ozone misfortune and changes in the temperature if the Earths stratosphere. Considering the harm done to the ozone the perils of the bright radiation is more undermining than any other time in recent memory to the Earths surface. The aftereffects of the directed tests persuaded that the exhaustion was expected not exclusively to mechanical chlorine and bromine, yet in addition these adjustments in the stratospheric pressure. Shockingly, when researchers anticipated the affectability of the Arctic ozone to temperature, their final product was about multiple times not as much as its genuine affectability. This implies the stratospheric temperature might be affecting the ozone layer considerably more than specialists at any point anticipated. Studies were led taking in excess of 2,000 inflatable estimations, over around twelve years. The result bolstered that during Arctic winters the measure of ozone misfortune was legitimately identified with the measure of air presented cold enough to cause the arrangement of polar stratospheric mists; which further consistently responses happen on the outside of these mists changing chlorine from uncreative structures into different structures that rapidly destroy the ozone. Notwithstanding this revelation, it was discovered that each degree (Kelvin) colder can prompt an extra five percent demolition of the ozone. Researchers are continually attempting to make sense of why this cooling happens. Albeit nothing is without a doubt, various hypotheses have been concocted. These incorporate the rising degrees of ozone depleting substances, an input between ozone exhaustion and stratospheric temperature, and normal inconstancy. The measures of ozone harming substances, for example, carbon, have ascended in the course of recent years; these gases trap heat close to the Earths surface, warming the surface, which keeps heat from arriving at the stratosphere, in general cooling the upper air. Fortunately, it is accepted that the measure of stratospheric chlorine and bromine have started to lower. This is halfway because of the Montreal Protocol, marked in 1987 around the world, confining the measure of chlorofluorocarbons delivered. This is believed to be the start of the purifying procedure, ideally permitting the ozone layer to recoup. .

Economic, Health, and Demographic data of United States and China Research Paper

Financial, Health, and Demographic information of United States and China - Research Paper Example These incorporate contamination, especially in the absolute most thickly populated zones, especially as a dependence on autos (as found in the Western world) and different innovations keeps on developing close by the economy (Yueh, 2010). Furthermore, there is an elevated level of salary neediness in China, which could represent a test as nationals might not have the spending capacity to keep on expanding the quality of the inner markets (Yueh, 2010). It has likewise been noticed that ongoing years have seen a reduction in the speed of Chinese financial development, which may make it hard to overwhelm the U.S. as far as GDP (Yueh, 2010), which might be connected to the worldwide monetary downturn or one of the components sketched out above. US Currently, the U.S. has the world’s biggest economy for a country. There are a few purposes behind the quality of the U.S. economy. One of these is that it has a significant level of regular assets, which can along these lines be sent ou t revenue driven (Wallace, 2010). Also, there is a solid foundation set up which permits high profitability, great administrations and general prosperity (Wallace, 2010). The U.S. is likewise profoundly engaged with universal exchanging, especially with the EU, China and Japan (Wallace, 2010). There are shortcomings, be that as it may, which may keep on messing up the U.S. economy. One of these is the present joblessness rate, which is far surpassing memorable rates and may keep on developing (Wallace, 2010). Moreover, as the biggest monetary power, the U.S. was hit especially hard by the 2007-2008 financial downturn, causing a drop in GDP and additionally affecting profitability and work inside the nation (Wallace, 2010). Also, a high dependence on normal assets like oil and gas may mess up the future, as these are clearly restricted in their ability to give money related strength because of their limit (Wallace, 2010). Wellbeing China has a genuinely solid wellbeing profile, with a normal age at mortality at 74 years of age, and baby mortality at an unequaled low. There are as yet various medical issues in territory China, in any case. One of these is smoking-related diseases, with around 350 million individuals as of now smoking and no significant government enthusiasm for forestalling smoking take-up (WHO, 2010). Also, there are various women’s wellbeing and sexual medical issues which are related with a lower level of acknowledgment of sex instruction and contraception counsel in China (WHO, 2010). Furthermore, there is an elevated level of hunger despite everything present in China, for the most part influencing the individuals who live in rustic zones (WHO, 2010). This brings the death rate up, and can prompt further medical issues. Be that as it may, this issue of lack of healthy sustenance is being handled by the Chinese government and means to be killed sooner or later soon (Bloom et al, 2004), which may improve the general wellbeing profile o f the People’s Democratic Republic of China further and align it more with that of Western nations. Also, China has a very moderate social insurance framework, whereby the yearly expense is around $7 and just a little extent of this is paid by the patient, which implies that there might be noteworthy increments in China’s wellbeing after the framework has been set up a couple of years longer (Bloom et al, 2004). US The normal future in the U.S. is 78.5, which is higher than China yet is a lot of lower than that of other industrialized

How to Write a Personal Essay Outline

How to Write a Personal Essay OutlineWriting a personal essay is a way to express yourself. In some ways, writing a personal essay is similar to writing a thesis in college. Essays can be written from the point of view of a writer who is creating a thesis. The main difference between an essay and a thesis is that an essay can be varied.The first step for writing a personal essay outline is to decide what you are going to write about. What you want to write about will determine the topic you should write about. One of the main things to remember when writing an essay is that the reader should be able to follow the story that you are telling. If you have something very important to say then writing a personal essay will not be that difficult.Before you begin your essay you should sit down and write out your own ideas. You can get ideas from magazines or from people who have already written an essay. You can even get ideas from what you already know about the topic of the essay. The ide as you have before you start writing your essay will help you get on the right track. It will also make it easier to organize your thoughts so that you can put everything together without any confusion.After you have written out your personal essay outline you should sit down and write the actual essay. Remember that the important thing is to get your thoughts down so that you can go through them in order. When you have decided what you want to write about, go back and read everything that you have written and determine if it makes sense or not.The most important part of the essay is the introduction. This is the portion that starts the story. Make sure that the introduction explains why you are writing the essay and where you are going with it. When you explain what you want to say, make sure that it is clear so that the reader can follow the direction of the essay.Once you have explained the overall structure of the essay, it is time to move on to the middle. This section will exp lain how the two parts of the essay relate to each other. Make sure that you include the history of the topic as well as any personal or related experiences. When you start writing this section, you should think about how you can tie in the history of the topic with the people in the essay.At this point you can start thinking about the conclusion of the essay. This section will provide closure to the essay. There should be enough information to allow the reader to understand what happened in the story as well as what you want the reader to take away from the essay. Writing a personal essay outline is a big step and you should expect that you will make mistakes.One of the best parts of writing a personal essay outline is that it allows you to work at your own pace. You do not have to follow the outline exactly. It allows you to do what works for you. If you find that you need more information to get started on the essay, you can work on it later.

Review of Planet of the Apes Essay - 635 Words

Review of Planet of the Apes by Tim Burton This essay will examine Tim Burtons remake of the science-fiction film Planet of the Apes. Planet of the Apes is the story of astronaut Leo Davidson, who in an attempt to save his chimp is transported through time. Leo crashes in a futuristic time; a planet ruled by apes, where humans are enslaved. Leo is captured, with a tribe, from the slave owners shop he is bought by a kind chimp, who believes in humans and apes living in peace. With the help of her; Clara, and her other human slaves, a plan is devised to escape. They do so, and far from the city are greeted by thousands of humans who believe Leo is of great importance. But with the ape†¦show more content†¦This setting creates tension as it suggests both good and evil and the effects of each. It signifies the idea of how all good things twist to them has and things are not always what they seem. The production used in the scene of the murder of the two soldiers by their leader in the swamp land creates tension. To begin the scene an establishing shot of the 3 apes with the town in the background is used, this suggests it is not of public knowledge and is of importance. Close-ups of the ape general are used to show his dominance, as well as wit and cunning ability. A mid-shot, in a low angle position is used to show the area destroyed by Leos shuttle, during this shot a tilt and zoom in is used to maximise the effect and the tension created. This shot also shows power, as well as the relevance of what is being viewed. Before the general murders the 2 ape soldiers a long shot of the 3 apes is used, where the general is walking towards the camera, this signifies the generals importance and that he is creating a plan, the fact that the 2 soldiers backs are turned suggests they are completely blind to the generals mid-reparation. The next shot is a close-up of the weapons the general is to use in the killing; this shows their potential power and inclines the viewers mind to think of the devastation they could cause. During the murder a low-angle of the soldiersShow MoreRelatedThe Convergence Of Popular Digital Technology1604 Words   |  7 PagesLike its importance in relation to the new forms of production, the cost is a factor of how digital is influential in traditional big budget filmmaking like Dawn of the Planet of the Apes. Following the capture of the actor’s movements digital animation is required to complete the transformation to an ape. While the cost of motion capture itself is relatively high as it is a newer technology the cost of the animation is now comparably cheap to when it was first introduced. Evidence of this can beRead MoreThe Sentinel and 2001: a Space Odyssey1789 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"The Sentinel†. 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Chapter 7 Quiz Answers - 1903 Words

Stratification can best be defined as _____. Select one: a. divisions created between groups of people in a society based on the social prestige accorded by a person’s occupation, lifestyle, or membership in certain organizations b. the unequal distribution of wealth that results from private ownership and people’s tendency to preserve surplus wealth rather than share it with others c. systematic inequalities between groups of people that arise as intended or unintended consequences of social processes and relationships Correct d. divisions created between groups of people in a society based on laws that distribute power unevenly and limit social mobility Feedback The correct answer is: systematic inequalities between groups of†¦show more content†¦They meet three days before the deadline to see how they are doing. Two of the teens have gotten 50 signatures between them. But the other four have only collected 25 signatures between, so they are still 25 signatures short. The two teens who collected the most signatures are irritated about the poor results from the other four. Correct Feedback The correct answer is: A group of six teenagers is trying to get 100 signatures for a petition in two weeks’ time. They meet three days before the deadline to see how they are doing. Two of the teens have gotten 50 signatures between them. But the other four have only collected 25 signatures between, so they are still 25 signatures short. The two teens who collected the most signatures are irritated about the poor results from the other four. Question 8 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Not flaggedFlag question Question text Which of the following is a form of a religion-based system of stratification? Select one: a. status hierarchy system b. elite–mass dichotomy c. status-attainment model d. caste system Correct Feedback The correct answer is: caste system Question 9 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Not flaggedFlag question Question text In responding to surveys asking them to rank various occupations according to status, people say they place more emphasis on the _____ of the position than the position’s _____. Select one: a. educationalShow MoreRelatedEcon 2301 Study Guide1079 Words   |  5 PagesECON 2301: Principles of Macroeconomics Hennessy ECON 2301 Principles of Macroeconomics Time: Th 7:05 pm – 9:45 pm Synonym: 40512 Section: 023 Room: NRG2 2120 Instructor: Gregory Hennessy Office: NRG PB3 Hours: Th 6:30 pm – 7:00 pm Th 9:45 pm – 10:15 pm And by appointment Phone: Email: Course Description Principles of Macroeconomics deals with consumers as a whole, producers as a whole, the effects of government spending and taxation policies, and the effects of the monetary policy carriedRead MoreScavenger Hunt922 Words   |  4 Pages(spelling counts)?   Where did the instructor go to college? The instructor’s name is Jane Smith. 2.   What is the instructor’s email address to be used for questions and submission of projects? 3.   What day(s) of each week are Chapter homework assignments always due? Chapter homework assignments are always due on Thursdays and Sundays. Furthermore, discussions are due every Tuesday. 4.   What is the time deadline (hour:minutes, AM or PM) for the Portal assignments to be submitted? Homework isRead MoreDevry Comp 129 Week 3 Quiz - Latest601 Words   |  3 PagesDeVrY COMP 129 Week 3 Quiz - LATEST IF You Want To Purchase A+ Work Then Click The Link Below , Instant Download http://www.hwspeed.com/DeVrY-COMP-129-Week-3-Quiz-LATEST-478439833.htm?categoryId=-1 If You Face Any Problem E- Mail Us AtJOHNMATE1122@Gmail.Com eek 3(Quiz) Grading Summary These are the automatically computed results of your exam. Grades for essay questions, and comments from your instructor, are in the Details section below. Date Taken: 5/23/2015 Time Spent:Read MoreDevry Comp 129 Week 3 Quiz - Latest Essay589 Words   |  3 PagesDeVrY COMP 129 Week 3 Quiz - LATEST IF You Want To Purchase A+ Work then Click The Link Below For Instant Down Load http://www.acehomework.net/?download=devry-comp-129-week-3-quiz-latest IF You Face Any Problem Then E Mail Us At JOHNMATE1122@GMAIL.COM Week 3(Quiz) Grading Summary These are the automatically computed results of your exam. Grades for essay questions, and comments from your instructor, are in the Details section below. Date Taken: 5/23/2015 Time Spent: 57 min , 06 secs Read MoreEssay about Cwv Study Guide608 Words   |  3 Pagesstudents for the Topic 1 Quiz. Instructors will grade the study guide for completion, not for accuracy. Download the study guide and type in your answers below the questions. Save the study guide to your computer and submit when complete. There is no need to submit the study guide to Turnitin. 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The primary philosophical issue about which Socrates and...

What is the primary philosophical issue which Socrates and Euthyphro are in disagreement? The primary philosophical issue Euthyphro and Socrates disagree on is â€Å"what is holy and what is not holy† p7, 5c11-d2. Socrates extracts Euthyphro’s thoughts on what the definition of holy verse unholy is in an attempt to use them in his own trial, and later to show Euthyphro that his ideology is flawed. Socrates takes the side of essential knowledge (the nature of something). Euthyphro takes the side of particular knowledge (the characteristics of knowledge). Euthyphro says â€Å"I’d say the holy is just what I’m doing now: prosecuting wrongdoers, whether in cases of murder or temple-robbery, or those guilty of any other such offense, be they†¦show more content†¦Socrates says â€Å"is the holy loved by the gods because it is holy? Or is it holy because it is love† p11, 10a1-3. Socrates gives Euthyphro some practical examples to try and l ead Euthyphro to the understanding of what he said, does not make sense. It would only take one god not agreeing to what the others agreed to make that statement false. The third mistake Euthyphro makes is a circular argument (tautology). Euthyphro doesn’t define any of the terms, but makes one term dependent upon the other. Euthyphro says â€Å"holy is: what is loved by the gods† p15, 15b5-6. Socrates has come full circle in the quest for what is holy and unholy. Socrates says â€Å"Then we must start over again, and consider what the holy is† p15, 15c16-17. Euthyphro just got led full circle, back to the beginning of the argument. Euthyphro created this circular argument but it doesn’t answer the question of what the holy is. Socrates is looking for a concrete definition of what holy is, and Euthyphro cannot give him one. The conclusion of the argument is Euthyphro becomes frustrated and leaves before he answers Socrates questions. Euthyphro says â€Å"Some other time, Socrates: I’m hurrying somewhere just now, and it’s time for me to be off.† p16, 15e4-6. Socrates says â€Å"What a way to behave, my friend, going off like this, and dashing the high hopes I held!† p16, 15e7-16a, I agree with Socrates. I know he was being a pain in the backside, but he showed Euthypyhro how weak his

The International Monetary Fund Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the International Monetary Fund. Answer: The International Monetary Fund in its 2017 report has stated that the decrease in the prices is not the only affect that affects the profitability of the firm. Conditions such as recession also have an effect on the purchasing power of the customers. If the economy is down in a particular place, it would simply mean that the purchasing capability of the buyers will decrease to a large extent. This would also affect the profits of the firm, as the decrease in the prices of the commodities will not help in increasing the consumption of the commodity (Rios McConnell and Brue 2013). The relationship between the sellers and the buyers of the commodity helps in determining the prices of the commodity, which will create an impact on the profitability of the organization. The elasticity in the prices of the commodity helps the firms in earning better profits, as the number of units of the commodity that will be sold will be high. The inelasticity in the price of the commodity will result in the purchasing of the substitutes by the consumers, which would have a negative impact on the profit of the firm. While risks are around the global growth expectation appears broadly balanced in the short term, they remain stick to the downside over the medium term. Connor in his article in the magazine had stated that the consumers of the product needs to have a better understanding of the dynamics and the specificities that are present in the market, which will help in setting up of the perfect competition in the market. The article by the author helps in identifying the impact that will be created on the customers and the businesses due to the decrease in the prices (Varian 2014). On the other hand, Most of the customers are looking for a decrease in the prices in larger assets such as homes and apartments so that it can be beneficial for the customers along with the basic necessities such as clothing and food (Finance Development | FD2017). Monetary policy to bring in normal state in some advanced economies, specially the United States, can trigger a faster than expected fiscal model in glo bal financial conditions. The other risks were discussed in the April 2017 World Economic Outlook including a turn towards internal looking policies and political risks, remain noticeable. According to the theory of microeconomics, the amount of a product in the market is known as supply, and the amount customers want to buy is the demand. For example, a certain good, such as potato, if there is an increasing demand for French fries, but there is less potato, then the price eventually goes up (Varian 2014). If conditions change and there is a smaller demand for potato, for instance if everyone started avoiding French fries to stay away from obesity, or the good becomes suddenly available, for example, many farms started growing potatoes, then the price of the good decreases. The article Supply and Demand: Why Markets Tick, says that the relation between the price and demand of the commodity is inversely proportional to each other, as the increase in the price of certain commodities will decrease its demand in the market place. The use of the rational model of expectation is an important part of the business, as it is related to the oversimplification of the business pr ocesses. The increase in the prices of the commodity will not always mean the decrease in the demand of the commodity, as the quality of the product also needs to be tested. These dynamics need to be seen by the business so that it can be successful in the market place (Anon 2017). After the economic revolution, the expectations of the people with the variables in economy have helped in influencing the behaviors that are related to purchasing. The drop in the prices of the commodity helps in increasing the demand of that particular product. The consumers of different economic backgrounds will be able to satisfy their needs by purchasing the commodity at an affordable price. Prices can vary for many reasons like, technology, preferences of consumer, weather conditions. The relationship between the supply and demand for a product or service and changes in price is known aselasticity (Balk 2013). Products that are non-elastic are relatively unfavorable to changes in price, whereas elastic products are very sensitive to price. The best example of a non-elastic product in case of the short term is energy. Consumers need energy to get to the product and from work and to heat their wallets. It is difficult in the short term for them to buy cars or houses that are related to more energy efficiency (Cao, Wan and Lai 2013). On the contrary, demand for many products is very responsive to price. In case of steak, if the price of steak rises, it would lead the consumers to buy a cheaper type of beef or switch to another category of meat. Hence, steak is an elastic product. The article Supply-Demand Market Equilibrium says about the farmers market. At a farmers market where, the farmers were selling watermelons. On the very first day, the farmers were selling their watermelons at $5 per piece, but very few customers bought them, so as the day gradually proceeded, the farmers found that they had an excess amount of watermelons (Huang, Yang and Zhang 2012). Finally, the farmers lowered the price of their watermelons to $1 from $5, all their products sold out. It is seen that, as the price of the product increases, the supply of the product increases but the demand of the product decreases. If the sellers hike their price too high, but the demand is less than what they actually offer, then they will only have asurplus of products that will force them to lower their price until the entire supply is sold out. On the contrary, if the sellers priced their products too low, then there is a chance that their entire supply is sold out before they can fulfill the demands of the market, hence it would cause adeficitfor the consumers and lesser profits or greater losses for the sellers. The customers who wanted to buy the product would be unable to obtain it (Giri and Bardhan 2012). It is evident that supply and price are proportional to each other. Supply of the products increases with the price as the suppliers get greater profits and can easily earn their costs. Theoretically, the demand increases when the price in the lower side as the products appear more affordable and the customer`s value of money is promised (Dionne and Santugini 2014). The customer tends to buy a product if the product gives equal benefit to its cost, and as customer`s preferences vary largely, a product with lower price will have a value which is worth the product cost for more customer, thus the demand increases (Goetz mann, Kim and Shiller 2016). This is the reason when the demand of a product and the supply of the quantities of the product are set according to the price, then in the graph the curve, which indicates supply goes upward with the price, whilst the demand curve goes downward with the price curve. The equilibrium is achieved only when the demand of the amount is equal to the supply of the amount. It is known as theequilibrium of the market, where the surplus quantity is equal to quantity of equilibrium also the range of the price is equal to the price equilibrium. Additionally, if the cost prices are different from the price equilibrium, then themode of demand and supplyindicates that the price of a product always adjusts until the supply meets the demand. The author of the journal The Journal of Economic Perspectives, also supports the rationing model most likely after the economic revolution where customers held a lot of anticipations related to economic variables for future. The rational model supports the fundamental behaviors of purchase. It is already discussed that when price drops, the buying tendency increases. Customers rush down to the nearest stores to satisfy their needs because the products become affordable for a certain span of time. With the increase of price the demand decreases as customers refrain themselves from buying goods as the price of the product is too high to reach. Hence, the profit does not increase with the price in respect to buying behaviors. From the above discussion the essay provides an idea about the consumer`s buying behaviors towards buying a product. The essay says that the facts about economic growth and the relationship among price, demand and supply it is evident that market equilibrium is essential to sustain in the profit zone (Weimer and Vining 2017). On the contrary if the price is increased the supply curve goes up but the demand curve goes down, hence leads to a loss rather than profit. References Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/10/upshot/popping-the-housing-bubbles-in-the-American-mind.html [Accessed 9 Sep. 2017]. Balk, B.M., 2013.Industrial price, quantity, and productivity indices: the micro-economic theory and an application. Springer Science Business Media. Cao, E., Wan, C. and Lai, M., 2013. Coordination of a supply chain with one manufacturer and multiple competing retailers under simultaneous demand and cost disruptions.International Journal of Production Economics,141(1), pp.425-433. Dionne, G. and Santugini, M., 2014. Entry, imperfect competition, and futures market for the input.International Journal of Industrial Organization,35, pp.70-83. Finance Development | FD. (2017).Finance Development. [online] Available at: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/basics/suppdem.htm [Accessed 9 Sep. 2017]. Giri, B.C. and Bardhan, S., 2012. Supply chain coordination for a deteriorating item with stock and price?dependent demand under revenue sharing contract.International Transactions in Operational Research,19(5), pp.753-768. Goetzmann, W.N., Kim, D. and Shiller, R.J., 2016.Crash beliefs from investor surveys(No. w22143). National Bureau of Economic Research. Huang, S., Yang, C. and Zhang, X., 2012. Pricing and production decisions in dual-channel supply chains with demand disruptions.Computers Industrial Engineering,62(1), pp.70-83. Obizhaeva, A.A. and Wang, J., 2013. Optimal trading strategy and supply/demand dynamics.Journal of Financial Markets,16(1), pp.1-32. Rios, M.C., McConnell, C.R. and Brue, S.L., 2013.Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill. Spaulding, W. (2017).Supply-Demand Market Equilibrium. [online] Thismatter.com. Available at: https://thismatter.com/economics/market-equilibrium.htm [Accessed 9 Sep. 2017]. Varian, H.R., 2014.Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach: Ninth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Weimer, D.L. and Vining, A.R., 2017.Policy analysis: Concepts and practice. Taylor Francis.

Research Paper on Taj Mahal Essay Example

Research Paper on Taj Mahal Essay Taj Mahal is one the greatest piece of architecture of India and the whole world. This mosque-mausoleum was built by Emperor Shah Jahan for his beloved resting wife Mumtaz, who died in childbirth. The Taj Mahal is a complex of buildings, consisting of a mausoleum, mosque, guest house, main gate, a beautiful garden and some other magnificent buildings. The construction of the mausoleum dates back to the 1648. The surrounding gardens and other equally gorgeous architectural structures of the complex was completed in just five years. The tomb is built according to the strict canons of Islamic architecture and is similar to a mosque. Building stands on a square platform with truncated corners. The main dome of the mausoleum rises to a height of 74 meters and has around four smaller domes. A little further there were built four thin minarets. The towers were built with a slope back so that in the case of earthquake they would not fall on the mausoleum. All external and internal surfaces of the mausoleum are made of translucent polished marble (brought to the construction from 300 km distant quarry) and carved with Islamic ornaments with semi-precious stones: jasper, agate, turquoise, carnelian, malachite. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Taj Mahal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Taj Mahal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Taj Mahal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Over each entrance in the form of arches are carved sayings from the Koran with intricate swirls. In the center of the mausoleum, there are the tombs of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz, surrounded by marble fence. (In fact, the place of burial is below – directly below the tombs, underground.) The magnificent gate of the Taj Mahal are decorated with 22 domes, which represent the number of years spent on the construction of the tomb. A worthy addition to the Taj Mahal is a lush garden, which has a geometric layout. In the center of the garden there is a large pool, which divides the complex into four parts. Each of the segments is divided by several channels. Despite the fact that the white marble dome of the mausoleum is the most prominent component of the Taj Mahal, the mausoleum is a structurally integrated complex. The construction began in 1632 and was completed in 1653 by 20,000 artisans and craftsmen under guiding of the board of great architects including Ustad Ahmad Lahauri, Makramat Khan, and Deschenes Ana. According to another version, the main architect of Taj Mahal was Turk Isa Muhammad Effendi. Those students, who want to write their research proposals on Taj Mahal, must carefully study the history of the mausolem. Their papers have to present a detailed descriptin of the mosque and its decoration. To feel more confident, you may consult several research papers on Taj Mahal. They will show you how to write a first-class resaerch project on different Taj Mahal topics. Are you looking for a top-notch custom written research paper on Taj Mahal topics? Is confidentiality as important to you as the high quality of the product? Try our writing service at EssayLib.com! We can offer you professional assistance at affordable rates. Our experienced PhD and Master’s writers are ready to take into account your smallest demands. We guarantee you 100% authenticity of your paper and assure you of dead on time delivery. Proceed with the order form: Please, feel free to visit us at EssayLib.com and learn more about our service!

How has the War on Terrorism following the Essays

How has the War on Terrorism following the Essays How has the War on Terrorism following the Essay How has the War on Terrorism following the Essay How has the War on Terrorism following the 9/11 onslaughts on the World Trade Centre and the resulting Iraq War effected British Muslims? Contentss Page Abstraction The Nature of the War on Panic and the Social Position of British Moslems: p3 Direct effects on the British Muslim Community portion 1: p4 The Reaction of Civil Society Direct effects on the British Muslim Community portion 2: p6 The Reaction of the British State Islamophobia in the Media and Perceptions of Muslims: p9 Social Exclusion, Resistance and individuality: p11 Bibliography: p16 Search Scheme: p18 Abstraction The war on panic was so a watershed in international dealingss and planetary political relations. It highlighted the exposure of the universes staying world power and a justification for a new imperialist re-ordering of planetary political relations under American hegemony. When the â€Å"war on terror† was announced the Bush disposal claimed that it would hold to widen throughout the universe and go on decennaries and even coevalss ( Hardt and Negri, p14, 2004 ) . In consequence, the war on panic has given rise to a new cold war state of affairs making a new enemy for the West, viz. Islam and the Muslim World. Much like communism and the Soviet Union ; Islamic fundamentalism and the civilization of the Muslim World has come to the head and is invariably presented by politicians and the media as being a massive entity incompatible with Western secular broad democracy and so a menace to the latter hence Huntington’s â€Å"Clash of Civilisations† which negotiations of the rise of â€Å"Islamism† and â€Å"the continuing and profoundly conflictual relation between Islam and Christianity† ( p208, 1997 ) and how the struggle between the civilizations of Islam and the West â€Å"will continue to specify their dealingss in the hereafter as it has defined them for the past 14 centuries† , ( p212, 1997 ) . Huntington has stated that the job for the West is non Muslim fundamentalism but instead Islam itself, â€Å"a different civilization whose people are convinced of the high quality of their civilization and are obsessed with the lower status of their power† ( p9, Runnymede Trust, 1997 ) . It is clear that the stupid and oozing generalizations of Samuel Huntington are widely accepted amongst in-between category, rational and academic circles throughout the West, one has to inquire the inquiry as to how such people can be considered faculty members. Such positions imply the demand for Muslims to somehow transform themselves into something more acceptable, a â€Å"liberal† or â€Å"modernist† Islam, an Islam which is compatible with democracy. This is the kernel of cultural imperialism and the political and cultural hegemony of the West therefore it is of import to understand this context when analyzing September 11Thursdayand the state of affairs of Muslim communities as clearly the latter is capable the planetary power dealingss of American and Western Hegemony. This creates a hard state of affairs for Muslim minorities populating in the West who are now being viewed with intuition and somehow being allied to the political relations of Al Qaeda and the 9/11 onslaughts. For British Muslims, the war on panic has created a new racialist state of affairs for Muslims and moreover has exacerbated Islamophobia. I shall be discoursing this new oppressive state of affairs for British Moslems by foremost analyzing the nature of the war on panic and so the rise of racism and Islamophobia and besides media perceptual experience and its effects on Moslems with respects to exclusion and individuality by turn toing the ways in which Muslims have challenged this state of affairs politically through new societal motions particularly after the invasion of Iraq. Overall the relationship between Muslim communities and the British province is paramount to this essay. The Nature of the War on Terror and the Social Position of British Muslims Noam Chomsky has claimed that 9-11 led to a 2nd â€Å"war on terror† ( p193, 2004 ) , for Chomsky there is non needfully anything new in the war on terrorist act, in fact the first and so original war on terrorist act was declared 20 old ages ago under the Reagan disposal against states such as Nicaragua, Grenada, Lebanon, Libya and Iran. The present state of affairs is simply a continuance of this attack to planetary political relations therefore the provinces of Iraq, Afghanistan and North Korea have made it to the Axis of immorality, when antecedently the likes of Sadaam Hussein and the Afghan Mujahideen were US Alliess against Iran and communism. Although Chomsky’s analysis is feasible it is of import to cognize that there is a difference with our present state of affairs and that it is non merely a continuance of the policies of the Reagan disposal ; viz. the so called being of a multinational enemy, viz. Al Qaeda and a specific focal point on Islam, the Middle Eas t and Muslim states as the marks of non merely military and political onslaught but besides cultural and rational. Meanwhile at place in Britain, a British Muslim has to invariably watch the unfolding events through the media in Afghanistan, Iraq and the resulting arguments about Islam, Muslims, secularism and integrating. What consequence does this hold on the Muslim mind and outlook? How has the War on Terror affected Muslims as a minority life in Britain? It is clear that in many contexts across the state today, when a Muslim with a face fungus or hijab ( headscarf ) walks into a public topographic point such as the London Underground the so called â€Å"host† community may experience a specific sort of ill will or fright of that single due to the new political state of affairs we are populating under and the stereotypes it creates. Edward Said maintains that â€Å"modern Hesperian reactions to Islam have been dominated by a radically simplified type of believing that may still be called orientalist† ( p4 1981 ) the latter being the manner the West perceived the â€Å"orientâ₠¬  throughout the 17Thursday, 18Thursdayand 19Thursdaycenturies giving it â€Å"a particular topographic point in the Western European experience† viz. that of lower status ( p1, 1991 ) . It is true that such ways of thought can non be separated from the historical imperialist enlargements throughout the Muslim World. As a consequence British Muslims will instantly hold a stigma on them, therefore when a terrorist onslaught is committed the latter would be associated with Islam. It is interesting to see that bondage in Africa, colonialism, the atomic bomb in Hiroshima or the US bombardment of Indo-China in the sixtiess and 1970s is non attributed to Western civilization or Christianity. On the contrary, the old colonial orientalist ways of believing remain rampant and it is in this context that we must understand the effects the war on panic on British Muslims particularly when we analyse race dealingss, the reaction of the New Labour authorities to the war on panic and changeless media demonization of Muslims. Moslems are presented as being monolithically reactionist, conservative, patriarchal and homophobic even though these inclinations are cosmopolitan. Muslim Asiatic adult females in the media for illustration are invariably portrayed as being veiled, subservient, inactive and helpless against a so called oppressive Islamic civilization ( Khan, p3, 1999 ) . Colonialism has ever been justified on moral evidences ; one can see that clearly with the war in Iraq. However of all time since British regulation in India, there has existed the demand to make an image of the colonised as being from a civilization â€Å"in disarray† frequently this focused on â€Å"women who urgently needed rescuing by white Godheads and ladies† ( Khan, p6, 1999 ) . This was a dominant ideological justification for the invasion of Afghanistan. The War on Terror has hence become a pure battle for freedom, democracy and autonomy yet from the point of position of British Muslims is the complete antonym due to its direct effects viz. increases in hatred offense, racial torment, favoritism, media stereotypes, anti-terrorist statute law and its disproportionate usage against Muslims, the Gallic hijab prohibition and of class Guantanomo Bay. Alongside the bombs that have rained down on Afghanis, Iraqis and menaces against Syria and Iran it is no admiration that Muslims in Britain feel under besieging and that the war on panic is a war against Islam. Direct effects on the British Muslim Community portion 1: The Reaction of Civil Society It is true that when we talk about the British Muslim community we are mentioning to a preponderantly migratory community. Many of the first modern-day Muslim immigrants arrived in Britain during the sixtiess and 1970s from Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. In 1961 the Muslim population was 82,000 but by 1971 it was 369,000 ( p14, Runnymede Trust, 1997 ) , many of the immigrants from Pakistan came from the Mirpur territory of Azad Kashmir due to the building of the Mangla Dam which displaced big Numberss of people who were so compensated and used the money to migrate to the UK ( Anwar, p23, 1979 ) . Many of the first immigrants from the Carribean and South Asia experienced both racial favoritism, racial force, ill will from the media and established politicians as seen with Enoch Powell’ s celebrated â€Å"rivers of blood† address in 1968. Racial onslaughts besides became common throughout the 1980s and 1990s, in 1993 the BNP won its first of all time triumph in a local c ouncil election in Millwall, Tower Hamlets and in that same twelvemonth at that place were130,000 racially motivated reported condemnable incidents non including the non-reported instances ( Anwar, p11-14, 1998 ) . It is of import to understand that any post-9/11 anti-Muslim racism is simply a continuance of an already bing system and civilization of white Anglo-Saxon domination and xenophobia. Nevertheless racism, like a chameleon alterations in conformity to its societal context therefore Islamophobia after 9/11 does intend that racism has a specific focal point on the Muslim community. Frequently, South Asiatic migrators were distinguished by the province by skin coloring material, therefore the linguistic communication of anti-racist rhetoric frequently referred to both South Asians and Afro Caribbean as â€Å"Black† , however although Afro-Caribbean’s may be comfy with this world South Asians prefer to specify themselves in other ways, viz. through faith ( Pilkington, p37, 2003 ) . This is particularly true now of many Pakistanis and Bangladeshis be they foremost, 2nd or 3rd coevals. Nevertheless British Moslems are a diverse community including non merely South Asians but besides other migratory communities such as Somalians, Turks, Arabs, North Africans and converts. Tariq Modood has pointed out how racism in Britain in the wake of the Holocaust has moved from 19Thursdaycentury theories of biologically inferior and superior races to a racism based on civilization. Indeed cultural racism therefore focuses more on â€Å"cultural differences from an alleged Brits or ‘civilised’ norm to revile, marginalise or demand cultural assimilation from groups who besides suffer from biological racism† ( Modood, p154-55, 1997 ) . Modood has besides rather right asserted that Islamophobia â€Å"is at the bosom of modern-day British and European cultural racism† ( p163, 1997 ) , and so the war on terrorist act with its linguistic communication, political orientation, arguments and the political ambiance it has created which question the compatibility of Muslims with a sensed impression of Britihsness and the British manner of life. I believe that today, Muslims in Britain and so Europe are confronting a really similar state of affairs to the Jews of Western Europe in the 19Thursdayand early 20Thursdaycenturies. There have been two dramatic effects of the War on Terror on the British Muslim community. The first is the reaction of what I shall term British civil society to Muslims affecting favoritism, racial torment and force against those of Muslim visual aspect. The 2nd is the reaction of the British province and preponderantly I am mentioning to anti-terrorist statute law such as the Anti-Terrorism Act 2000 and the Anti-Terrorism, Crime A ; Security Act 2001 ( ATCSA ) which has been a really unjust and oppressive governmental response to the tenet of the War on Terror. I shall be discoursing the inside informations of each of these structural effects on the British Muslim community with mention to single instances so as to foreground how post 9/11 anti-Muslim racism is both institutionalized and single. Islamophobia is the â€Å"unfounded ill will towards Islam† and Muslims, so Islamophobic inclinations can be dated as far back as the 11Thursdaycentury and the campaigns ( p4-5, Runnymede Trust, 1997 ) , in fact today it is common for the media to hold the words â€Å"Islam† , â€Å"Muslim† and â€Å"terrorist† lumped together but it is unusual to see that the IRA or the Ugandan Lords Resistance Army are neer viewed as â€Å"Christian terrorists† . In fact association of immorality and Satan with Islam was common throughout the 11Thursdayand 12 centuries ( Q News, p22, Jan 2004 ) The 1997 Runnymede Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia was hence of import in exposing the rise of a new racism which presents Islam as being massive, different, inferior from Western civilization and finally the enemy. The War on panic and so the political relations station 9/11 has created a state of affairs where many British Muslims particularly adult females have suffered â€Å"heightened favoritism and abuse† affecting verbal maltreatment in the street and Muslim adult females holding their hijabs forcefully removed. In fact many British Sikhs besides suffered racial force and maltreatment for being mistaken as Muslims ( Richardson, p23, 2004 ) . Therefore it is clear that Islamophobia can consequence all cultural minority groups for illustration â€Å"a black individual or Hindu may be attacked or abused on the street because Britain is in difference with a state which happens to be Muslim† besides a Muslim may be attacked because of their colored visual aspect ( p41, Runnymede Trust, 1997 ) , whilst a white convert Muslim may be targeted because of his of hers spiritual visual aspect. A community militant from Newham Monitoring Project, an anti-racist administration based in Ne wham East London explained to me that after 9/11 â€Å"it was duck runing season on Muslims† , the work at NMP involves covering with racial torment with a 24 hr exigency service line for victims of racism ( NMP Annual Report, 2003-4 ) , post 9/11 there were infinite instances of racial torment and force against Muslims in the East London country. Administrations such as Newham Monitoring Project and the Islamic Human Rights Commission which trade with racial torment and human rights instances noticed an addition in racial force and torment against Muslim persons, belongings and topographic points of worship. The War on Terror has besides greatly benefited the British Nationalist Party and its leader Nick Griffen which has won assorted local council elections in the North of England where the public violences, in fact Nick Griffen has gained plenty assurance to dispute Labour MP Anne Cryer in her Dagenham and Keighley Seat ( Tania Branigan, The Guardian, April 20Thursday, 2005 ) . It is of import to foreground that the BNP has focused its run against Muslims utilizing acceptable Islamophobic discourse which is widely accepted by mainstream society. The BNP has in fact changed its more open racism and so Nazi inspired biological racism in the 1980s, concentrating more on cultural racism and therefore Islamophobia which is made more legitimate by the War on Terror and besides by the fact that many Labour MP’s and politicians such as Robert Kilroy Silk and so broad authors have made racialist remarks on Muslims every bit good as generalizations about Islam. The docudramaThe Secret Age nt, broadcast 15ThursdayJuly 2004 exposed the BNP’s blazing anti-Muslim stance. Nick Griffen appeared on an interview on Newsnight explicating how his positions on Islam and Muslims are widely accepted by well-thought-of journalists such as Richard Little John ofThe Sunand Polly Toynbee who writes forThe Guardian. The BNP has hence leafleted Afro Carribean, Hindu and Sikh communities every bit good as in-between category and working category White communities about the immoralities of Islam and how Muslims are taking over Britain. The BNP’s racialist generalizations of Islam involve non merely showing it as being monolithically rearward, a menace to democracy and women’s rights but besides make highly remarks such as how Islam’s main method of spreading was through colza and how the Prophet Muhammed was a moonstruck and a pedophile ( â€Å"The Secret Agent† , July, 2004 ) . The BNP has besides been involved in distributing myths about Muslim and As ylum Seeker communities in the North of England, for illustration claiming for illustration in the Burnley constituency that Muslims are exempt from paying council revenue enhancement if they can show they used a supplication mat for worship in their places, ( Miah, Q News, p9, Nov 2003 ) . Indeed such myths simply exacerbate bias, engendering hatred and division. For hapless white working category communities in the North of England it produces person to fault for their jobs, viz. the every bit hapless South Asian Muslim communities. The War on Terror has hence legitimised racism against Muslims and so in the context of the North of England the BNP has used on in the wake of the â€Å"race riots† in the North of England in the summer of 2001 and the labored race dealingss between South Asian Muslims and White people to smother racial tensenesss. The riots themselves were exacerbated by onslaughts on members of the Muslims community in Bradford, Burnley and Oldham by far right fascists. Islamophobic discourse station 9/11 has merely benefited the BNP making more racial tenseness and a state of affairs of societal exclusion and marginalization for the Muslim community in the North of England. BNP electoral triumphs simply add to the exposure of the Muslim community and one could state that Tony Blair and George Bush has been the best thing to of all time go on for the British far right. Direct effects on the British Muslim Community portion 2: The Reaction of the British State It is no surprise that station 9/11 the British province has followed the American illustration with respects to security step. Unfortunately this has simply led to the racial profiling of Muslims and those of Muslim visual aspect as terrorist suspect. The Labour Minister responsible for antagonistic terrorist act Hazel Blears late stated that Muslims will be stopped and searched more frequently so the remainder of the populace, claiming that â€Å"there is no acquiring off from it† and how terrorists were concealing behind Islam ( Vikram Dodd and Alan Travis, â€Å"Muslims face increased halt and search† , The Guardian, 2neodymiumMarch, 2005 ) . Massoud Shahjareh of the Islamic Human Rights Commission reacted by stating that Blears was demonising and estranging our community. It is a legitimisation for a recoil and for racialists to hold an onslaught on our community and so as already discussed this can be seen with the BNP’s run scheme as the political state of affairs creates a justification for their open anti-Muslim campaign, it is merely in recent old ages that the BNP has been able to elect up to 20 local council members across the country.. In pattern The Anti-Terrorism, Crime A ; Security Act 2001 ( ATCSA ) ; passed in the wake of September 11Thursday, has led to the detainment of 16 foreign subjects without test, moreover 30,000 places have been raided, 700 people arrested of which merely a mere 3 people have been charged ( stoppoliticalterror.com ) . Stop and hunt of Asians has increased therefore it is clear that the Muslim community, refugees and refuge searchers have become blazing marks of station 9/11 anti-terrorist statute law. One such victim was Barbar Ahmed, a alumnus with an MA who worked at Imperial College, London in Information engineering Support. He was arrested by armed constabularies officers in December 2003 that broke into his house in the early hours of the forenoon, he was beaten unconscious by the constabulary, dragged, had his private parts searched and forced into a Muslim supplication place of which the officers so mocked him by stating â€Å"where is your God now? † ( freebabrahmad.com ) . Barbar Ahmad received over 50 hurts some really serious including a fractured skull, bruised kidneys and blood was besides found in his ears and piss. He was so interrogated for 6 yearss and had his place searched and was so released on 8ThursdayDecember without charge due to miss of grounds to imply him for the terrorist act charges. Barbar Ahmad was re-arrested on 5ThursdayAugust 2004 on an extradition warrant from the US, foregrounding how British Moslems can easy be the mark of the US legal system thereby overthrowing the national sovereignty of the British legal system. If we take the Babar Ahmed instance as an illustration, it is clear that after his apprehension and terrible whipping by the constabulary in December 2003 and his recent re-arrest under and extradition warrant from the US, a just test has neer one time been granted and moreover the accusals made against him involve an alleged panic secret plan on the Empire State edifice in New York, however the grounds for this allegation is based on a 30 twelvemonth old travel booklet that was found in Babar Ahmed’s father’s house when it was raided by constabulary ( freebarbarahmad.com ) . The political relations of the War on Terror has hence meant a corruption of democracy and in peculiar an absence of democracy for Muslims in Britain be they British citizens or non. The Guardian late published an article saying that â€Å"Of the 701 people arrested under the Terrorism Act since the September 11 onslaughts, half have been released without charge and merely 17 convicted under the a ct. Merely three of those instances relate to allegations of Islamist extremism. The other strong beliefs involved Irish paramilitaries both republican and loyalist a Sikh extremist group and the Tamil Tigers† and that senior anti-terrorist functionaries have besides admitted that the terrorist menace was exaggerated ( April 23rd, 2005 ) . Another illustration is the Algerian Raddah Kadre who is held in Belmarsh on extradition to France with charges of holding association with terrorists. Nevertheless Kadre has merely been convicted with keeping a bogus passport and non terrorist act. Furthermore the celebrated Ricin panic secret plan collapsed in tribunal when 8 of the 9 were acquitted due to miss of implying. In add-on the instance of Kamel Bourgass who murdered a Police officer in Manchester was convicted of slaying and cabaling the cause a public nuisance grounds which had nil to make with terrorist act, besides Bourgass’s 4 codefendants were acquitted and cleared of those charges. Nevertheless the media continues the panic narratives, with changeless articles about shoe bombers, ricin and cyanide chemical onslaughts on the resistance and coverage for assorted fundamentalist sermonizers such as Shiekh Abu Hamza and Sheikh Omar Bakri Muhammed. This has simply contributed to the farther marginalization and societal exclusion of British Muslims. It is in this facet of the War on Terror that one can see clearly how the authorities and media work manus in manus in the demonization of the Muslim community and making increasing fright of an enemy within and therefore supplying a justification for the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. With respects to societal exclusion, it is of import to now analyze the effects the War on Terror and the ambiance it has created has on the media and its effects British Muslims. Islamophobia in the Media and Perceptions of Muslims Herman and Chomsky have stated that the media â€Å"often supplemented by official censoring, makes it clear that the media serve the terminals of a dominant elite† sing that the province bureaucratism dominates â€Å"the levers of power† ( Herman and Chomsky, p1, 1988 ) . Much of the media are integrated into the market, moreover media houses are dominated by â€Å"very affluent people† who are constrained by â€Å"owners and other market net income orientated forces i.e. major corporations, Bankss and authoritiess and so this can be seen for illustration in the manner a corporation such as Mobil Oil can buy newspaper infinite to acquire its point of view across ( p14-15, 1988 ) . Richardson highlights how newspapers under capitalist economy are run much like a concern, therefore the newspaper is a merchandise to be sold â€Å"and making so in the most profitable mode possible† with the purpose to seek high â€Å"audience penetration† making †Å"stories that are diverting, enjoyable and engaging† . With respects to British circular documents the latter is aimed at â€Å"powerful center and upper classes† ( p35, 2004 ) With this in head and so the deficiency of cultural minorities working for newspapers it is clear that the media follows a â€Å"propaganda model† and fails to be nonsubjective and in fact marginalises the voices of cultural minorities which are over-represented in the poorer and â€Å"disempowered subdivisions of British society ( p36, 2004 ) . The media is hence the most powerful tool in implementing negative stereotypes of Muslims and so since 9/11 the invariable televised coverage of terrorist act and instantly associates violence entirely with Islam. Indeed the media has ever had a colonial and orientalist repute, however negative linguistic communication of Muslims creates an sole sense of â€Å"otherness† amongst the British populace. The media frequently promotes an â€Å"us and them† political orientation, with changeless mentions to Islam and Muslims being separate from the West, which in itself is a blemished analysis of the universe foremost in the manner it creates division and does nil for the involvements of peace and secondly it shows complete ignorance for the fact that there are 1000000s of Muslims populating throughout Western Europe and America. A recent article in the Evening Standard entitledcivilization clangnoticing on the recent menaces by a little group of Muslims made against the poli tician George Galloway ; stated in true Huntington manner the clang between a broad society and its Muslim minorities, foregrounding how Moslems are in demand of a â€Å"great societal transformation† and that a civilization that holds that adult females â€Å"have fewer rights than others, so liberalism has to face that culture† ( John O Sullivan, Evening Standard, 22neodymiumApril, 2005 ) . In an article in The Sunday Times magazine about Muslim minorities in Holland, the forepart screen was entitled â€Å"a continent in convulsion† saying that â€Å"Muslims will shortly outnumber Christians in some Dutch metropoliss, Liberal Holland is raising roadblocks. Should we? † The article used negative linguistic communication such as â€Å"Islamic immigration† and implied the demand for Western European societies to move against this menace ( Moynahan, Sunday Times Magazine, Feb 27Thursday2005 ) . Islam hence becomes entirely inhibitory, autocratic and patriarchal towards adult females and a violent militaristic menace to the West which is entirely democratic, free, broad and non-violent, hence making negative perceptual experiences of Muslims. In fact Western society nowadayss itself as the Jesus of Muslim adult females, proposing the demand for Muslims to alter in conformity to Western secular civilization. This can be really patronizing to British Muslim adult females, of which many from the 2nd and 3rd coevalss wear hijab out of pick. Sitara Khan sites an illustration of a BBC 4 programme about honour violent deaths and whether it is â€Å"Islamic† or non. She highlights how on the same twenty-four hours there was coverage of kid sex maltreatment instances within the Roman Catholic churches in Ireland â€Å"but no commission of experts on Christianity was summoned to determine the legitimacy or otherwise of this type of evildoing harmonizing to Biblical sources† . Despite the diverse experiences and backgrounds of Muslim adult females â€Å"she continues to be viewed by the establishments in Britain as a victim of a backward and barbarian civilization whose redemption lies in the custodies of the white ma n† ( Khan, p108-10 1999 ) . Prior to 9/11 the hijab and Islamic frock was non truly viewed with such aggressive intuition whereas today it is a living symbol of the Islamic menace to Western modernness. Unfortunately station 9/11 circular columns frequently help develop in-between category and upper category perceptual experiences of Muslims, of which Polly Toynbee is celebrated. In The Independent article in February 1996 she commented on province support of Muslim schools claiming that the province will be â€Å"educating kids to believe adult females are of inferior status† . But one has to inquire how many Muslim adult females do white journalists and womens rightists such as Toynbee, consult when composing their articles? Today it is clear that there are many extremely educated Muslim adult females and that â€Å"in some Muslim communities the proportion of university educated adult females is significantly higher than the national average† ( Alibhai Brown, p15, 2000 ) . Post 9/11 Toynbee continues her to do wild statements of how â€Å"Muslims are the best America haters around† and that â€Å"moderate† Muslims are making nil to root out extremists ( The Guardian, August 18Thursday, 2004 ) . In 1997 Toynbee wrote an article entitled â€Å"In defense mechanism of Islamophobia† saying that â€Å"I am an Islamophobe, I judge Islam non by its words† but its actions ( Richardson, p128, 2004 ) . One could state the same about Christianity and Western society however the War on Terror has made anti-Muslim racism universal in the sense that a BNP leader and a broad can spurt the same rhetoric making a unsafe state of affairs for British Muslims as minorities. A recent Channel 4 docudrama entitled â€Å"Are Muslims Hated? † stated that Islamophobia is an hyperbole and how it is being used to forestall broad unfavorable judgments of Islam. Unfortunately such statements after 9/11 show ignorance for the colonial power dealingss that Muslim states and minorities are subjected to and a 1993 Liberal Democrat statement doing clear that in a democracy freedom of address has bounds and is constrained by the other â€Å"fundamental democratic values† such as the publicity of equality so as to deter group bias ( Runnymede Trust, p25, 1997 ) . Furthermore a bar of unfavorable judgment of Islam is non truly the job as clearly cardinal to the linguistic communication of the War on Terror has been the changeless unfavorable judgment of Islam. The job is an unequal unfavorable judgment of the universe, Islam and the West are non equal entities, the latter clearly implements, political, economic and cultural high quality over the former whic h is presented to the universe as being inferior. The deficiency of societal and political equality in the universe therefore demands to reform if Moslems are to experience less the marks of Western onslaughts be they verbal, physical or militaristic. Unfortunately as the War on Terror continues into its 5th twelvemonth this seems extremely improbable. The separation therefore is made between being British and being Muslim ( Richardson, p118, 2004 ) and in my position such media coverage is frequently indirectly responsible for racial torment. When a Muslim reads the newspaper, she is forced about into an excusatory place, that somehow she is a cause of society’s ailments. A Muslim is either a â€Å"fundamentalist† or a â€Å"modernist† , neer merely a Muslim as so the latter two labels mean nil to a Muslims mundane life in Britain. This shows clearly how both the province and media work together in making an ambiance of fright and racism which gives support to the extremists of the far right BNP. Social Exclusion, Resistance and individuality It is of import to analyze the effects the war on panic has in making societal exclusion for Muslims and furthermore the effects on individuality. Amongst Muslim communities, societal want and unemployment is prevailing within many Pakistani and Bangladeshi communities which are besides among the lowest income families in Britain ( Richardson, p29, 2004, Pilkington, p96-98, 2003 ) . Many Moslems are besides overrepresented among school students aged 16 with the poorest makings and many Muslim alumnuss have worse occupations so people of Indian and Chinese backgrounds ( p29-30, 2004 ) . Alongside the media demonization, racial torment and province repression the War on panic does non assist in bettering the societal state of affairs of Muslims. If anything it increases the chances of favoritism and equal entrees to occupation chances due to stereotypes. Khalida Khan a community militant for the Muslim women’s administration An Nisa has in Q News stated that feelings of disillus ion, disenfranchisement and the injury of racism has led to a â€Å"growth of desperation, defeat and extremism† ( Nov 2003 ) in reaction to a feeling of cultural lower status. Although there is some truth in Khans statement I believe that there is a inclination as faculty members to pigeonhole Muslim young person, it is hence of import to understand the diverse experiences of the community and how Muslim individuality reacts to this state of affairs. From the information I have gathered it is clear that integrating and Islam has become a dominant discourse amongst the media, academic circles, the authorities and the populace in general. The War on Terror has had some a portion to play with respects to making negative perceptual experiences but at the same clip has really helped make a new state of affairs for Muslims. A particular study on immature Muslims in the Guardian involved journalists discoursing the issues of the twenty-four hours with immature educated and professional Muslims. Many of them expressed their concerns over the issues such as anti-terrorist statute law, Islamophobia and the war in Iraq but claimed that the sarcasm of the War on Terror is that it has helped farther the â€Å"integration of Muslims† therefore Muslims have been given the â€Å"opportunity to startle the community and do their voices heard† ( November 30Thursday, 2004 ) . This can be seen in the many protest motions that have emer ged for illustration in reaction to the war, where many Muslims participated in the anti-war protests. One such adult female was Salma Yaqoob, a Muslim adult female from Birmingham and clinical psychologist who was spat on by a member of the populace after 9/11 for have oning the hijab. Now she is standing as a campaigner for the Respect party in Birmingham, going the first hijabi adult female to make so. This is an illustration of how the War on Terror has politicised Moslems who antecedently had nil to make with political relations. Many Muslims may besides be voting against the Labour Party which historically received Muslim support. In the Tower Hamlets constituency Muslims have the opportunity to take the pro-war Labour MP campaigner and ballot in George Galloway of the Respect Party, in fact Galloway seems to be trusting on Muslim support therefore the War on Terror in some contexts has allowed Muslims to be in a powerful place in taking societal motions ( respectcoalition.org ) . Many other runs have emerged in reaction to detention of Muslims without test in Britain and Guantanomo Bay ; therefore it is clear that all these motions have brought the concerns and civilization of British Muslims into the mainstream. Even the media has had to react as can be seen with Channel 4’s Muslim orientated Shariah Television where Muslims gather to discourse societal issues and spiritual religion. As a consequence we may see more Muslim MP’s and public figures thereby disputing the jobs of under-representation and marginalization. In many ways these political reactions of Muslim communities to the constructions of the War on Terror has meant that Muslims are altering the perceptual experiences of themselves coercing British society to go more plural. Tariq Ramadan has referred to this as a â€Å"silent revolution† ( Q News, December 2003 ) and that Muslims are eventually building a â€Å"European Muslim individuality capable of going accepted at the mass level† , ( Ramadan, p254, 1999 ) . The dialectic of the War on panic is that although it marginalises Muslims it may assist supply a better apprehension of Islam at the same clip therefore a soundless revolution may yet go a loud one in clip. Bibliography Written Beginnings Debating Cultural Hybridity: Multi-Cultural Identities and the Politicss of Anti-Racism, edited by Pnina Werbner and Tariq Modood, Zeb Books, 1997 A Glimpse through Purdah: Asiatic Womans–the myth and the world, Sitara Khan, Trentham Books Ltd, 1999 The Myth of Return: Pakistanis in Britain,Muhammad Anwar, Heinemann Educational Books Ltd, 1979 Between Cultures: Continuity and Change in Lives of Young Asians,Muhammad Anwar, Routledge, 1998 Racial Disadvantage and Ethnic Diversity in Britain,Andrew Pilkington, Palgrave Macmillan, 2003 Who do We Think We Are: Imagining the New Britain, Yasmin Alibhai Brown, Allen Lane The Penguin Press, 2000 To be a European Muslim, Tariq Ramadan, The Islamic Foundation, 1999 Misrepresenting Muslimism: The Racism and Rhetoric of British Broadsheet Newspapers, John E Richardson, John Benjamins Publishing Co, 2004 Covering Islam,Edward Said, Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd, 1981 Oriental studies: Western Concepts of the East, Penguin Books, 1991 Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media,Edward S Herman and Noam Chomsky, Pantheon Books, 1988 Hegemony or Survival, Noam Chomsky, Metropolitan Books, 2003 Multitude,Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Hamish Hamilton, 2004 The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Samuel P Huntington, Simon and Schuster, 1997 Islamophobia: A Challenge for us all, The Runnymede Trust, 1997 Newham Monitoring Project Annual Report 2003-4 Media Beginnings Q News, Jan 2004,Islam the Enemy Q News, Nov 2003, Shamim Miah Q News, Nov 2003,where are we heading, Khalida Khan. Q News, December 2003 Interview with Tariq Ramadan The Guardian, 2neodymiumMarch, 2005,Muslims face increased halt and hunt,Vikram Dodd and Alan Travis, The Guardian April 23rd, 2005,words of warning backed by small grounds, Vikram Dodd and Alan Travis Flushing Standard, 22neodymiumApril, 2005,civilization clang, John O Sullivan Sunday Times Magazine, Feb 27Thursday2005,Puting the fright of God into Holland, Brian Moynahan The Guardian,Young, Muslim and British, November 30Thursday, 2004 Are Muslims Hated,C4 Documentary, Keenan Malik, January 8Thursday2004 The Secret Agent, BBC Documentary, July 15Thursday, 2004 Web sites Stoppoliticalterror.com Respectcoalition.org Freebarbarahmad.com Search Scheme I managed to obtain a really diverse scope of beginnings. I used assorted books on cultural surveies to sketch the general sociological state of affairs of cultural minorities this involved utilizing authors such as Tariq Modood and Sitara Khan. This nevertheless could hold been improved by obtaining books with a specific focal point on British Muslim such as â€Å"Muslim Britain† edited by Tahir Abbas and Philip Lewis’s â€Å"Islamic Britain† . Nevertheless I believe I compensated for this due to my entree to assorted community beginnings such as Q News and community administrations such as Newham Monitoring Project, Islamic Human Rights Commission and run groups. My usage of Huntington, Chomsky, Said and Hardt and Negri’sBattalionadded an internationalist attack so as non to be nescient of the planetary constructions and how they influence the state of affairs for British Muslims. My subdivision on the media could hold possibly referred briefly to tabloi d newspapers every bit good as the circulars such as The Guardian, nevertheless as I was utilizing John E Richardson’s extended research on the representation of Muslims in the circular imperativeness I focused on the latter. I deliberately ended with Tariq Ramadan’s of import positions on European Muslim individuality so as to make a sense of hope for the hereafter as his research looks at Islamic Bibles so as to obtain an apprehension of what it means to be Muslim and European. Although he is theological at times it would hold besides been good to unite this with Homi Baba’s more sociological research on cultural hybridity.

Answers for the question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Answers for the question - Assignment Example GSK wants a diverse portfolio, where it does not only focus on one specialty and product, but is open to different sources of research, services, and ideas. It also wants access to Sirtris’ unique entrepreneurial culture and distinctive scientific advantages. In other words, GSK wants to stay big but become nimbler by dividing its large bureaucracy into smaller scientific units. It has introduced several changes already to hasten its new product development process, but so far, its overall culture and design remain bureaucratic, at least for Sirtris which is a biotech firm and is used to less bureaucratic controls and processes. b) What challenges are facing the managers responsible for the integration process? That is, what must Slaoui be concerned about? Westphal is concerned that GSK’s bureaucratic design and culture is affecting Sirtris’ entrepreneurial culture and management system. In particular, his concerns are time management, people management, and othe r small, but important, issues (Weber 9). Time is essential to research work, but Westphal observed that GSK is eating most of his time through constant meetings with many people, who are not always critical to decision-making and other managerial processes. Westphal thinks that he should be doing more work, as well as his scientists, but the incessant meetings directly interfere with their research activities. Furthermore, people management is a key issue for Westphal. GSK has not provided him autonomy in making significant hiring, firing, and compensation decisions like he used to. Westphal wants to make these decisions that are crucial in keeping the entrepreneurial spirit of Sirtris. Finally, Westphal is concerned of small, but also important issues, such as media access, petty cash, and science publications. He wants some degree of autonomy on these issues because relying on GSK for these decisions only delays decision-making and can dampen the sense of control over these perti nent small tasks (Weber 9). Essentially, Westphal is wary that Sirtris is becoming more like GSK instead of the other way around. Slaoui generally has the same concern as Westphal, but more of macroeconomic in scope, because he wants an efficient and effective integration between Sirtris and GSK. Slaoui’s main concerns are employee retention, management integration, and DPU integration. He is concerned of employee retention, when scientists have different motivations, especially when biotech companies and big pharma companies attract different kinds of scientists. Biotech company employees are more focused on the science and tend to easily shift from one company to another as their interests change or if companies change, while big pharma scientists value stability and career progress (Weber 9). The right reward and management approach must appeal to these different motivations, but the right balance is tricky. Furthermore, Slaoui is unsure where to put Westphal and Dipp (Web er 9). He wants to retain them because of their valuable scientific and management capabilities, but he does not know if they are happy with

The impact of E-commerce on the auditing standards Dissertation

The impact of E-commerce on the auditing standards - Dissertation Example Continuous innovation in the information world has drastically changed the nature of works of business organization as well as of individuals. Substantial dependence on information system has also enhanced individuals’ innovative power. Today people can not only dream about some spectacular thing, but they can actually give a realistic shape to their dreams with the implementation of information system. For example, a few decades ago it was even beyond imagination that people can get the opportunities to enroll themselves in any foreign universities without making any physical presence. But continuous and spectacular innovations in the field of information technology have made people dream about distant learning where they can be in continuous touch with their tutors and college administration without making there physical presence in college campuses. Thus information system not only revolutionized they way people do their works, but also the way people think. In this age of highly improved information age ecommerce has become a very popular term. E-commerce can be defined as â€Å"the use of electronic transmission medium (telecommunication) to engage in the exchange, including buying and selling of products and services requiring transportation either physically or digitally from location to location. Introduction of ecommerce has been found to have produced some positive effects on economic performance of a country. It offers innovative ways of selling, delivering and receiving of goods and services and affects almost every industry and all aspects of business mechanisms and in this process dramatically contributes to productivity enhancement of the industries. In the field of auditing, ecommerce has been taking its place at very fast pace. However, it would be The proposed study will consider a particular set of widely used auditing standards in order to evaluate the effects of ecommerce on that set of auditing standards. For the purpose of the pro posed study, the impacts of ecommerce on US GAAS (US Generally Accepted Auditing Standards) will be studied. Thus the theme of the study can be written as follows: Effects of e-commerce on a particular set of auditing standards, i.e. US GAAS, in terms of the application of US GAAS and the outcomes. However, before proposing research questions and relevant research methods, it is very necessary to look into the findings of existing literatures in the relevant field of study. Given the research theme stated above, a number of research questions and corresponding hypotheses should be postulated in order to asses the impact of ecommerce. Now, one thing should be mentioned at this juncture in order to understand the next section that a number of factors are associates with the application of a particular set of auditing standards. The most vital factors are audit planning and implementation of audit plan. The research questions that should be presented later in this proposal should take into account all these facts. Apart form these, some parameters relating audit plan and implementation of audit plan should be taken into account in this research in order to measure the effect ecommerce on these variables. The literature review section should explain all the issue relating to impact of ecommerce on auditing, issues concerning audit planning and issues relating to proper implementation of audit plan. All these will provide required explanations of the research questions to be postulated after the literature revi

Emergence Of The Buddha Essay Example for Free

Emergence Of The Buddha Essay A). Outline the social, political and religious background from which Buddhism emerged. (10) Buddhism is one of the major religious traditions of the human race today. Buddhism was influenced by many different cultures over the thousands of years. This essay will outline the social, political and religious issues surrounding the background and the emergence of Buddhism in Indian Society. In the 1920s archaeological excavations of the ancient cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa in North West India revealed the existence of an urban civilisation. This is called the Indus Valley Civilisation. (Buddhism Dominique Side) The background from which the Buddha emerged from stretched as far back as C2700 in a place called the Indus Valley. This was the first sign of civilisation to live on the Indian subcontinent. People were attracted to the Indus Valley because of the of the River Indus. The River provided a good source of vegetation; there was also flat land, stones and trees. The Indus Valley was an Egalitarian society, which meant that everybody living inside the society were all equal and they worshipped both Gods and Goddesses. They believed and worshiped in Brahman, who they believed was the most looked up to and modest God. Archaeologists found statues with engraved scriptures of Gods and Goddesses on; the finding of these pots is where it is believed that the Religion began, although there were never any findings of temples to prove this. Artefacts show its Religion to be related to the forces of nature the worship of a mother Goddess, sacred trees and fertility symbols. (Buddhism Dominique Side) The valley was believed to have been a strong central government and to have two main political centres, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. The Indus Valley civilisation began to move out, many people today still believe this was because of a natural migration. After the civilisation of the Indus Valley had left, Aryans then began to set up home on their land. Aryans were nomadic; they travelled around a lot, never staying in one place for very long. They brought animals with them and built up a strong military. They were thought to be good at building and carpentry. The official religion of the Aryan conquerors of India is referred to as the Vedic religion after their holy books or Vedas (knowledge). The priests of this religion were known as Brahmans or Brahmins and are often mentioned in the Buddhist scriptures. The Aryans were unquestionably tough people, military strong, and they were fierce and war like. Their culture was oriented around warfare, and they were very good at it. The Aryans were a new start in the Indian culture; they adopted almost nothing of Harappan culture. They built no cities, no states, no granaries, and used no writing. They worshipped a pantheon of gods and were mostly connected with forces of the natural world, especially those powers on which humans were dependent. (Buddhism Denise Cush) The Indian caste system began to develop and the civilisations were placed into the category that they belonged too. Each mans duty was to follow the profession suitable for his social class. (Buddhism Dominique Side) Even today the values of the caste system are held strongly, it has kept a sense of order and peace among the people. The caste consists of six different levels, and as a pyramid starting from the highest and working down. The highest being the Brahman, then Kshatriya, Valishya, Shudra, Harijans and the Untouchables. Within each of these levels are the actual castes within which people are born, married and die into. They all have their own place among each other and accept that it is the way to keep society from disintegrating to chaos. The system has worked well for Indian people and still has a major role in modern India. The Aryan society was patrocol, which means it was all male. It was now no longer an egalitarian society. Indus Valley people and Aryans began to mix, which is how the Indo-Aryans were formed, this was the beginning of Hinduism, which was a mixture of Indo and Aryan beliefs and practices. From these two religions they made a relationship and formed the Indo- Aryan people. Like a mighty river, created from mainly tributaries that fed it, Hinduism is an amalgamation of the beliefs of the many people who settled in India in ancient times. (A beginners guide to Buddhism, Gillian Strokes) People now did not sacrifice animals for their religion but would now give gifts to their God called offerings; these would consist of flowers and vegetables. The Indo Aryans did not have or worship a holy scripture, however they did have Vedic hymns that were sang and collected, and which were later written down in the Veda. This means they have a cultural importance. They also worshipped a pantheon of gods. They believed in the highest form of God, the Brahman who was the highest level of the caste system. There was an amalgamation of Indo and Aryans that became the religion Hinduism. Women now did not have any power; men now did everything, women were now considered inferior to men. As a belief in the caste system, you were only allowed to marry within your level of the caste system. The political organisation was hierarchical and centralised. Kingdoms varied in size and kings were no more than village leaders. Some people believe that Hinduism began with the Indo-Aryans, while others believe that it began with the Indus population. Hinduism has no founder and no single moment of beginning. The emergence of Buddhism was now falling into place. Hinduism is the largest religion of India. The religion is based on prayers and believes in many gods and goddesses. However, one God named Brahman was more significant than the others. There were special priests known as Brahmin who were used to help you worship this special God, they helped to channel peoples faith. Asceticism defined as the practice of self-disciple, voluntary undertaken, in order to achieve a higher or spiritual ideal began. People didnt agree with Brahman priests, they wanted to live a simple life in the forest. Hinduism also believes in reincarnation, this is rebirth the cycle of life. It consists of Birth, Life, Death and Rebirth; you undergo the cycle over and over again. It is thought that if you live a good life you will be born into a better caste in your next life. You will achieve good karma if you do your duty well which is determined by the caste you are born into. Good karma means a good next life and bad karma means a bad next life. The only way to get out of the cycle is to have continuous good rebirths, which means you will enter Nirvana. All these backgrounds lead to the emergence of Buddhism in some way. Ascetics would move away to the forests and leave all their family and objects behind, even the idea of the caste system. They wanted peace of mind and to achieve enlightenment. The best way to do this was to meditate. They also wanted to get out of the life cycle and achieve Nirvana. Siddhartha Gautama was an ascetic, he was born a Hindu but wanted to escape the life cycle. He emerged as the Buddha after achieving enlightenment and people began to follow his way of life. Political aspects were that people did not use the caste system and also rejected social and political values. They wanted an egalitarian society where everyone was equal and treated with the same amount of respect. One of the effects of these changes was the creation of new professions, such as state officials and traders, which had no place in ancient caste system. (Buddhism Dominique Side) Therefore in conclusion I can see how Buddhism has emerged over thousands of years and that Buddhism now does not have any thing in common with the earliest religion found. Buddhism needed the other religions to be in place in order for it to exist and without the other religions; it might not have existed today. I think Buddhism has become the fairest religion, as it believes in equality. Therefore it has adapted out of the many religions that came before it. B). The Buddha turned his back on all the Religious teaching of his age. Assess this view (10) Buddhism is an Eastern Religion that is over two thousand years old. Buddhism as a religion was influenced by this historical context. The origins of Buddhism are closely connected with the origins of Hinduism. Buddhists dont believe in a God they just worship the highest in the caste system, the Brahmin. The Buddha is a highly respected person in the Buddhists Society. Buddhism is an amalgamation, an adaptation of Religions over time. This part of the essay requires assessing the view of how the Buddha turned or didnt turn his back on the religious teachings of his age. The Buddha lived and taught in the Northeast India about 2,500 years ago and the development of the Religion was influenced by this historical context. He lived for around eighty years, somewhere between the 4th and 6th centuries BCE. Siddhartha Gautama developed most of his ideas for Buddhism from Hinduism. He changed and developed them to suit his new religion. He took some but changed them. He was born a Hindu and born into the Kshatriya Caste. He became an ascetic. I believe that the Buddha turned his back on his religious teachings for an important reason; therefore I believe this is because he wanted to get himself out of the life cycle. The Buddha wanted to go to the forests to meditate and reach Nirvana. The Buddha did not want his teachings to be taken as something sacred in itself, but as a means to an end. He made it clear that any teachings, including his own were not to be accepted without noticing but with faith and reverence, but should not be tested out in experience. The Buddhism religion was not just something to believe in or discuss, but something to try out to see if it worked. When you have tried it out it could make you a better person or takes you nearer to your spiritual goal. Siddhartha Gautama did turn his back on the previous teachings are the Caste system; the Caste system was a very important part of the social and religious life within India and Hinduism. When Prince Siddhartha went to find enlightenment he forgot all about the ideas of the caste system even though he was born into a good Varna. The Buddhas invitation was to come and see for yourself, join him in his meditation to reach Nirvana. The Buddha wanted to get out of the cycle of; life, death and rebirth and be enlightened to discover a new life. He didnt completely want to get rid of rebirth; he wanted to incorporate it into Buddhism. He believed in renunciation, which is what the ascetics believed in. They renounced with the Buddha to the forest. They gave up there existence. The Buddha did not want to pray to Brahman anymore, he wanted to break away from the priestly religion and become personal. Men and women both did this. Personal is being spiritual instead of Religious. The Buddha also incorporated Karma into Buddhism because its still the action needed for rebirth. He couldnt change that. He did turn his back on the caste system though as it was seen as a social class factor and not needed for the religion, as everyone was equal for him. The economic developments destabilised the Brahminical order. Prince Siddhartha still believed in the ideas of rebirth and the cycle of life, but came up with a way of escaping the circle.